This is what the Example 1 looks without the LaTeX coding:

ADSA/ASAS Midwest Section

Julliand, V.

Julliand, V.

Either

Ruminant nutrition

N/A

N/A

Yes

V. Julliand

INRA/ENESAD

BP 1607

21036 Dijon Cedex, France

(33)3.80.77.25.59

(33)3.80.77.25.84

v.julliand@enesad.fr

JAS

In situ degradation of two forages by the ruminal ecosystem of bovines and the

caecal ecosystem of equidae.

V. Julliand^*1, J. L. Tisserand¹, B. Michalet-Doreau², G. Fonty²,

¹INRA/ENESAD, Dijon, ²INRA, Theix (France).

Generally monogastric herbivores have lower in vivo digestibilities of forages
than polygastric herbivores. Donkeys have the specific capacity to utilize
forages in vivo more efficiently than ponies and horses. The objective of this
study was to compare the fibrolytic activity of the ruminal microbial
ecosystem of cows with that of the caecum of ponies and donkeys. Three ponies
(210 kg) 3 donkeys (240 kg) and 3 cows (450 kg), respectively caecally and
ruminally-fistulated, were fed a maintenance diet twice daily (30%
concentrate-70% lucerne-orchard hay). In situ degradation of Neutral Detergent
Fibre (dNDF) in wheat straw (WS) and lucerne-orchard hay (LOH) was studied
using the nylon bag technique. Bags (48 micro-m pores, 3.5 x 11 cm, 6.5 mg/cm²)
were incubated for 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in the caecum or the rumen. For short
periods of incubation, the caecal ecosystem of donkeys was as efficient as the
ruminal ecosystem of cows in degrading both forages. However it was more
efficient (21 to 40 %) than that of ponies. After 8 h of incubation, ruminal
microorganisms utilized the NDF of the two forages more efficiently than the
caecal systems of equidae. These observations are partially due to differences
in activities and compositions of the microflora of the ecosystems.

Incubation times		4 h	8 h	16 h	24 h	48 h
WS-dNDF (%)	Donkey	0.8	6.8 a	15.8 ab	17.9 b	25.7 b
	Pony	0.3	5.6 ab	13.2 b	19.2 b	23.6 b
	Cow	0.2	4.0 b	17.8 a	26.4 a	42.9 a
LOH-dNDF (%)	Donkey	21.0 a	30.0 a	38.7 b	42.3 b	46.4 b
	Pony	17.1b	21.3 b	33.5 c	36.7 c	41.1c
	Cow	20.5 a	30.8 a	45.3 a	50.4 a	55.4 a

For one forage, in the same column, different superscripts indicate significant differences (p>0.05).

Forage Degradation, Rumen, Caecum

Example 1 of what your disk file with the LaTeX coding should look like:

%ASAS/ADSA Midwest Section
%Julliand, V.
%Julliand, V.
%Either
%Ruminant nutrition
%N/A
%N/A
%Yes
%V. Julliand
%INRA/ENESAD
%BP 1607
%21036 Dijon Cedex, France
%(33)3.80.77.25.59
%(33)3.80.77.25.84
%v.julliand@enesad.fr
%JAS

\title{\italicize{In situ} degradation of two forages by the ruminal ecosystem
of bovines and the caecal ecosystem of \italicize{equidae}}
\author[*$^{1}$]{V.}{Julliand} \author[$^{1}$]{J. L.}{Tisserand}
\author[$^{2}$]{B.}{Michalet-Doreau} \andauthor[$^{2}$]{G.}{Fonty}
\inst{$^{1}$INRA/ENESAD, Dijon, $^{2}$INRA, Theix (France)}

\abstract{Generally monogastric herbivores have lower in vivo digestibilities
of forages than polygastric herbivores. Donkeys have the specific capacity to
utilize forages in vivo more efficiently than ponies and horses. The objective
of this study was to compare the fibrolytic activity of the ruminal microbial
ecosystem of cows with that of the caecum of ponies and donkeys. Three ponies
(210 kg) 3 donkeys (240 kg) and 3 cows (450 kg), respectively caecally and
ruminally-fistulated, were fed a maintenance diet twice daily (30\%
concentrate-70\% lucerne-orchard hay). \italicize{In situ} degradation of
Neutral Detergent Fibre (dNDF) in wheat straw (WS) and lucerne-orchard hay
(LOH) was studied using the nylon bag technique. Bags (48 $\mu$m pores, 3.5 x
11 cm, 6.5 mg/cm2) were incubated for 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in the caecum or
the rumen. For short periods of incubation, the caecal ecosystem of donkeys
was as efficient as the ruminal ecosystem of cows in degrading both forages.
However it was more efficient (21 to 40 \%) than that of ponies. After 8 h of
incubation, ruminal microorganisms utilized the NDF of the two forages more
efficiently than the caecal systems of \italicize{equidae}. These observations
are partially due to differences in activities and compositions of the
microflora of the ecosystems.

\begin{tabular}{lllllll} Incubation times&&4 h&8 h&16 h&24 h&48 h\\ \rline %
&Donkey&0.8&6.8 $^a$&15.8 $^{ab}$&17.9 $^b$&25.7 $^b$\\ %
WS-dNDF (\%)&Pony&0.3&5.6 $^{ab}$&13.2 $^b$&19.2 $^b$&23.6 $^b$\\ %
&Cow&0.2&4.0 $^b$&17.8 $^a$&26.4 $^a$&42.9 $^a$\\ %
&Donkey&21.0 $^a$&30.0 $^a$&38.7 $^b$&42.3 $^b$&46.4 $^b$\\ %
LOH-dNDF (\%)&Pony&17.1 $^b$&21.3 $^b$&33.5 $^c$&36.7 $^c$&41.1 $^c$\\ %
&Cow&20.5 $^a$&30.8 $^a$&45.3 $^a$&50.4 $^a$&55.4 $^a$\\ \rline
\end{tabular}

For one forage, in the same column, different superscripts indicate
significant differences (p$<$0,05). }

\key{Forage Degradation}\key{Rumen}\key{Caecum}

This is what the Example 2 looks without the LaTeX coding:

ADSA/ASAS Midwest Section
Dobrinsky, J. R.
Dobrinsky, J. R.
Poster
Physiology
N/A
N/A
No
J. R. Dobrinsky
Germplasm & Gamete Physiology Laboratory
U. S. Department of Agriculture
BARC-East, B200, R22
Beltsville, MD 20705
301-504-8134
301-504-5123
bigjohn@ggpl.arsusda.gov
JAS

Cryopreservation of swine embryos: In vitro and in vivo developmental
competence.
J. R. Dobrinsky^*, V. G. Pursel, C. R. Long, and L. A. Johnson,
Germplasm & Gamete Physiology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Beltsville, MD.

Pig embryos are highly sensitive to chilling injury, making them difficult to
cryopreserve. This is less apparent in embryos of most mammalian species and
is linked to the high lipid content and fragile cytoskeleton of pig embryos.
Many cryoprotective agents act to depolymerize cytoskeletal components prior
to cooling although this may be toxic to cells. We documented microfilament
(MF) disruption during vitrification and utilized a MF inhibitor,
cytochalasin-b (cyto-b) to stabilize MF. Laser scanning confocal microscopy
revealed reduced fluorescence intensity of MF in cyto-b treated embryos,
indicating successful MF depolymerization prior to cryopreservation. Morulae
and early blastocysts (MB; n=34), expanded blastocysts (XB; n=52) and hatched
blastocysts (HB; n=120) were vitrified with or without cyto-b. While MB did
not survive cryopreservation (0%), treatment with cyto-b did not improve their
viability (6%, p>0.05). However, cyto-b significantly improved XB (22 vs 60%;
p<0.01) and HB (28 vs 90%; p<0.01) development in vitro. Although cyto-b-treated XB (60%) have improved viability after vitrification, their
development is still lower than cyto-b treated HB (90%; p<0.05). Cyto-b
treated and vitrified HB were transferred into two recipient females after
warming. Four live and developmentally normal fetuses were recovered at 25
days of gestation from one recipient. Additional transfers of vitrified
embryos are ongoing to determine the efficiency of in vivo development after
cryopreservation. These experiments show that the cytoskeleton is affected
during vitrification, and that MF depolymerization prior to cryopreservation
improves embryonic development.

Pig; Embryo; Cryopreservation

Example 2 of what your disk file with the LaTex coding should look like:
 %ASAS/ADSA Midwest Section
%Dobrinsky, J. R.
%Dobrinsky, J. R.
%Poster
%Physiology
%N/A
%N/A
%No
%J. R. Dobrinsky
%Germplasm & Gamete Physiology Laboratory
%U. S. Department of Agriculture
%BARC-East, B200, R22
%Beltsville, MD 20705
%301-504-8134
%301-504-5123
%bigjohn@ggpl.arsusda.gov
%JAS

\title{Cryopreservation of swine embryos: In vitro and in vivo developmental
competence}
\author[*]{J. R.}{Dobrinsky}\author{V. G.}{Pursel}\author{C. R.}{Long}
\andauthor{L. A.}{Johnson}
\inst{Germplasm \& Gamete Physiology Laboratory, U. S. Department ofAgriculture, Beltsville, MD}

\abstract{Pig embryos are highly sensitive to chilling injury, making them
difficult to cryopreserve. This is less apparent in embryos of most mammalian
species and is linked to the high lipid content and fragile cytoskeleton of
pig embryos. Many cryoprotective agents act to depolymerize cytoskeletal
components prior to cooling although this may be toxic to cells. We documented
microfilament (MF) disruption during vitrification and utilized a MF
inhibitor, cytochalasin-b (cyto-b) to stabilize MF. Laser scanning confocal
microscopy revealed reduced fluorescence intensity of MF in cyto-b treated
embryos, indicating successful MF depolymerization prior to cryopreservation.
Morulae and early blastocysts (MB; n$=$34), expanded blastocysts (XB; n$=$52)
and hatched blastocysts (HB; n$=$120) were vitrified with or without cyto-b.
While MB did not survive cryopreservation (0\%), treatment with cyto-b did not
improve their viability (6\%, p$>$0.05). However, cyto-b significantly
improved XB (22 vs 60\%; p$<$0.01) and HB (28 vs 90\%; p$<$0.01) development
in vitro. Although cyto-b-treated XB (60\%) have improved viability after
vitrification, their development is still lower than cyto-b treated HB (90\%;
p$<$0.05). Cyto-b treated and vitrified HB were transferred into two recipient
females after warming. Four live and developmentally normal fetuses were
recovered at 25 days of gestation from one recipient. Additional transfers of
vitrified embryos are ongoing to determine the efficiency of in vivo
development after cryopreservation. These experiments show that the
cytoskeleton is affected during vitrification, and that MF depolymerization
prior to cryopreservation improves embryonic development.}

\key{Pig}\key{Embryo}\key{Cryopreservation}